Category: Special Editions
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Calendar
April 2021
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
March 29, 2021
2:00 pm: PhD Seminars VII
2:00 pm: PhD Seminars VII
March 29, 2021
–
Ta
lk 1
Speaker
Simone Ebert (Biovision)
Title
The Role of Dynamical Synapses in Retinal Surprise Coding
Abstract
At the first stage of visual perception, the retina transforms a visual scene into an efficient neural code that is conveyed to the rest of the brain. The retina’s organization is constituted of parallel pathways that selectively carry information about specific features of the visual input rather than the raw image. In addition, the retina predominantly encodes changes in the visual scene by responding to deviations from an expectation based on the visual scene history. Indeed, in a rapidly changing visual environment, the retina must rapidly adapt its prediction to the current input to efficiently detect a deviation. In this context, we are exploring the role of dynamical synapses, adapting on a short timescale, in the retinas’ ability to accurately detect ‘surprise’.
To this end, we take advantage of an experimentally observable example of surprise detection in the retina, the Omitted Stimulus Response (OSR): when a regular sequence of flashes suddenly ends, the retina responds to this “surprise” by generating a pulse of activity signaling the missing stimulus, which is precisely timed to the period of the previously presented flash sequence. It is not clear yet which computations within and between the retinal pathways can provide such a high content of information in the output spiking rate. We believe that this example is a key to understand how retina respond to surprise in more complex visual scenes.
We conduct electrophysiological experiments in which we selectively inhibit retinal pathways and cell types to identify the circuit components necessary for this output behavior. Based on these findings, we construct the architecture of a computational model in which cells are connected via dynamical synapses. We then simulate the retinas response to a periodic stimulus to examine the role of short-term plasticity in shaping the response pattern to OSR.
Talk 2
Speaker
Othmane Belmoukadam (DIANA)
Title
From Encrypted Video Traces to Viewport Classification
Abstract
The Internet has changed drastically in recent years, multiple novel applications and services have emerged, all about consuming digital content. In parallel, users are no longer satisfied by the Internet’s best effort service, instead, they expect a seamless service of high quality from the side of the network. This has increased the pressure on Internet service providers (ISP) in their effort to efficiently engineer their traffic and improve their end-users’ experience. Content providers from their side, and to further protect the content of their customers, have shifted towards end-to-end encryption (e.g., TLS/SSL), which has complicated even further the task of ISPs in handling the traffic in their network. The challenge is notable for video streaming traffic which is driving the Internet traffic growth, and which imposes tight constraints on the quality of service provided by the network depending on the content of the video stream and the equipment on the end-user premises. Video streaming relies on the dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) protocol which takes into consideration the underlying network conditions (e.g., delay, loss rate, and throughput) and the viewport capacity (e.g., screen resolution) to improve the experience of the end user in the limit of available resources. Nevertheless, knowing the reality of the encrypted video traffic is of great help to ISPs as it allows taking appropriate network management actions. In this work, we propose an experimental framework able to infer fine-grained video flow information such as chunk sizes from encrypted YouTube video traces. We also present a novel technique to separate video and audio chunks from encrypted traces based on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM). We evaluate our technique with real chunk sizes (Audio/Video) collected through the browser using the Chrome Web Request API [1]. Then, we leverage these results and our dataset to train a model able to predict the class of viewport (either SD or HD) per video session with an average 92% accuracy and 85% F1 score.
March 30, 2021
March 31, 2021
April 1, 2021
April 2, 2021
April 3, 2021
April 4, 2021
April 5, 2021
April 6, 2021
April 7, 2021
April 8, 2021
April 9, 2021
April 10, 2021
April 11, 2021
April 12, 2021
2:00 pm: PhD Seminars VIII
2:00 pm: PhD Seminars VIII
April 12, 2021
–
Talk 1
Speaker
Maroua Tikat (WIMMICS)
Title
Interactive multimedia visualization for exploring and fixing a multi-dimensional metadata base of popular music
Abstract
This PHD thesis is concerned by the use of information visualization techniques as a mean to allow the exploration of a large dataset of music metadata. In this paper we review some of the major music datasets available, the data they contain, and how information visualization techniques have been used to explore such data. As we shall see, music is a complex entity that can be described as a multitude of multimedia attributes (ex. lyrics, chords, audio, graphics describing sound analysis, etc.). Thus, music datasets are often created by collecting data from specialized datasets. The integration of data from diverse sources might create problems of data quality (ex. ambiguities, imprecision, incomplete sources, conflicts, etc.). Traditionally, information visualization techniques are used to understand the corpus of data and identify causal relationships, trends, patterns of data concentrations. Nonetheless, we suggest that information visualization techniques be used to inspect the data quality of multivariate data sets and highlight the parts of the data sets that need to be fixed/improved. Moreover, using interactive techniques, we suggest that information visualization techniques could be used as entry point for repairing the data set. In the context of this PhD thesis, the research questions are: how to communicate problems related to data quality to the users, and how to visually represent the outcomes of methods used for data completion and correction (such as crowdsourcing, matrix vectorization, graph reasoning, among other).
April 13, 2021
April 14, 2021
April 15, 2021
April 16, 2021
April 17, 2021
April 18, 2021
April 19, 2021
April 20, 2021
April 21, 2021
April 22, 2021
April 23, 2021
April 24, 2021
April 25, 2021
April 26, 2021
2:00 pm: PhD Seminars IX
2:00 pm: PhD Seminars IX
April 26, 2021
–
Talk 1
Speaker
Sara Sedlar (Athena)
Title
A Fourier domain spherical convolutional neural network for brain tissue microstructure imaging via diffusion MRI
Abstract
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) is a non-invasive and in-vivo imaging technique tailored for tissue examination at a microscopic scale. Consequently, it is essential in the analysis of tissue microstructures of the central nervous system. To explain the measured signals, a number of biophysically inspired multi-compartment (MC) models have been proposed. They represent dMRI data as a linear combination of signals coming from different tissue compartments such as intra- and extra-axonal spaces, gray matter, cerebrospinal fluid, tumorous cells, etc. Multiple studies have shown that the parameters associated with some of these models have potential in the evaluation of several neurological diseases and in the characterization of early age brain development. However, estimation of these parameters via standard non-linear optimizers which include Levenberg-Marquardt and Gauss-Newton algorithms, often require a high number of sampling points and/or are computationally demanding, which limits their clinical application. Since in our work, we are considering dMRI signals acquired on spheres, to address the problem of microstructure parameter estimation, we propose a spherical CNN model with fully spectral domain convolutional and non-linear layers and with rotation invariant power spectrum features. In addition, the model takes into account the real nature of dMRI signals, uniform random distribution of sampling points and important noise which affects these signals. The proposed model is evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively on the problem of Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) and Spherical Mean Technique (SMT) parameter estimation. The model is positively evaluated on the real data from Human Connectome Project (HCP) database and on the synthetic data generated by dmipy toolbox.
April 27, 2021
April 28, 2021
April 29, 2021
April 30, 2021
May 1, 2021
May 2, 2021
-
Calendar
April 2021 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday March 29, 2021 2:00 pm: PhD Seminars VII
2:00 pm: PhD Seminars VIIMarch 29, 2021 –
Ta
lk 1
Speaker
Simone Ebert (Biovision)
Title
The Role of Dynamical Synapses in Retinal Surprise Coding
Abstract
At the first stage of visual perception, the retina transforms a visual scene into an efficient neural code that is conveyed to the rest of the brain. The retina’s organization is constituted of parallel pathways that selectively carry information about specific features of the visual input rather than the raw image. In addition, the retina predominantly encodes changes in the visual scene by responding to deviations from an expectation based on the visual scene history. Indeed, in a rapidly changing visual environment, the retina must rapidly adapt its prediction to the current input to efficiently detect a deviation. In this context, we are exploring the role of dynamical synapses, adapting on a short timescale, in the retinas’ ability to accurately detect ‘surprise’.
To this end, we take advantage of an experimentally observable example of surprise detection in the retina, the Omitted Stimulus Response (OSR): when a regular sequence of flashes suddenly ends, the retina responds to this “surprise” by generating a pulse of activity signaling the missing stimulus, which is precisely timed to the period of the previously presented flash sequence. It is not clear yet which computations within and between the retinal pathways can provide such a high content of information in the output spiking rate. We believe that this example is a key to understand how retina respond to surprise in more complex visual scenes.
We conduct electrophysiological experiments in which we selectively inhibit retinal pathways and cell types to identify the circuit components necessary for this output behavior. Based on these findings, we construct the architecture of a computational model in which cells are connected via dynamical synapses. We then simulate the retinas response to a periodic stimulus to examine the role of short-term plasticity in shaping the response pattern to OSR.
Talk 2
Speaker
Othmane Belmoukadam (DIANA)
Title
From Encrypted Video Traces to Viewport Classification
Abstract
The Internet has changed drastically in recent years, multiple novel applications and services have emerged, all about consuming digital content. In parallel, users are no longer satisfied by the Internet’s best effort service, instead, they expect a seamless service of high quality from the side of the network. This has increased the pressure on Internet service providers (ISP) in their effort to efficiently engineer their traffic and improve their end-users’ experience. Content providers from their side, and to further protect the content of their customers, have shifted towards end-to-end encryption (e.g., TLS/SSL), which has complicated even further the task of ISPs in handling the traffic in their network. The challenge is notable for video streaming traffic which is driving the Internet traffic growth, and which imposes tight constraints on the quality of service provided by the network depending on the content of the video stream and the equipment on the end-user premises. Video streaming relies on the dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) protocol which takes into consideration the underlying network conditions (e.g., delay, loss rate, and throughput) and the viewport capacity (e.g., screen resolution) to improve the experience of the end user in the limit of available resources. Nevertheless, knowing the reality of the encrypted video traffic is of great help to ISPs as it allows taking appropriate network management actions. In this work, we propose an experimental framework able to infer fine-grained video flow information such as chunk sizes from encrypted YouTube video traces. We also present a novel technique to separate video and audio chunks from encrypted traces based on Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM). We evaluate our technique with real chunk sizes (Audio/Video) collected through the browser using the Chrome Web Request API [1]. Then, we leverage these results and our dataset to train a model able to predict the class of viewport (either SD or HD) per video session with an average 92% accuracy and 85% F1 score.
March 30, 2021 March 31, 2021 April 1, 2021 April 2, 2021 April 3, 2021 April 4, 2021 April 5, 2021 April 6, 2021 April 7, 2021 April 8, 2021 April 9, 2021 April 10, 2021 April 11, 2021 April 12, 2021 2:00 pm: PhD Seminars VIII
2:00 pm: PhD Seminars VIIIApril 12, 2021 –
Talk 1
Speaker
Maroua Tikat (WIMMICS)
Title
Interactive multimedia visualization for exploring and fixing a multi-dimensional metadata base of popular music
Abstract
This PHD thesis is concerned by the use of information visualization techniques as a mean to allow the exploration of a large dataset of music metadata. In this paper we review some of the major music datasets available, the data they contain, and how information visualization techniques have been used to explore such data. As we shall see, music is a complex entity that can be described as a multitude of multimedia attributes (ex. lyrics, chords, audio, graphics describing sound analysis, etc.). Thus, music datasets are often created by collecting data from specialized datasets. The integration of data from diverse sources might create problems of data quality (ex. ambiguities, imprecision, incomplete sources, conflicts, etc.). Traditionally, information visualization techniques are used to understand the corpus of data and identify causal relationships, trends, patterns of data concentrations. Nonetheless, we suggest that information visualization techniques be used to inspect the data quality of multivariate data sets and highlight the parts of the data sets that need to be fixed/improved. Moreover, using interactive techniques, we suggest that information visualization techniques could be used as entry point for repairing the data set. In the context of this PhD thesis, the research questions are: how to communicate problems related to data quality to the users, and how to visually represent the outcomes of methods used for data completion and correction (such as crowdsourcing, matrix vectorization, graph reasoning, among other).
April 13, 2021 April 14, 2021 April 15, 2021 April 16, 2021 April 17, 2021 April 18, 2021 April 19, 2021 April 20, 2021 April 21, 2021 April 22, 2021 April 23, 2021 April 24, 2021 April 25, 2021 April 26, 2021 2:00 pm: PhD Seminars IX
2:00 pm: PhD Seminars IXApril 26, 2021 –
Talk 1
Speaker
Sara Sedlar (Athena)
Title
A Fourier domain spherical convolutional neural network for brain tissue microstructure imaging via diffusion MRI
Abstract
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) is a non-invasive and in-vivo imaging technique tailored for tissue examination at a microscopic scale. Consequently, it is essential in the analysis of tissue microstructures of the central nervous system. To explain the measured signals, a number of biophysically inspired multi-compartment (MC) models have been proposed. They represent dMRI data as a linear combination of signals coming from different tissue compartments such as intra- and extra-axonal spaces, gray matter, cerebrospinal fluid, tumorous cells, etc. Multiple studies have shown that the parameters associated with some of these models have potential in the evaluation of several neurological diseases and in the characterization of early age brain development. However, estimation of these parameters via standard non-linear optimizers which include Levenberg-Marquardt and Gauss-Newton algorithms, often require a high number of sampling points and/or are computationally demanding, which limits their clinical application. Since in our work, we are considering dMRI signals acquired on spheres, to address the problem of microstructure parameter estimation, we propose a spherical CNN model with fully spectral domain convolutional and non-linear layers and with rotation invariant power spectrum features. In addition, the model takes into account the real nature of dMRI signals, uniform random distribution of sampling points and important noise which affects these signals. The proposed model is evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively on the problem of Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) and Spherical Mean Technique (SMT) parameter estimation. The model is positively evaluated on the real data from Human Connectome Project (HCP) database and on the synthetic data generated by dmipy toolbox.
April 27, 2021 April 28, 2021 April 29, 2021 April 30, 2021 May 1, 2021 May 2, 2021
